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Abstract: In order to better understand the work carried out by Cardinal Acquaviva as ambassador(1716-1725), the essay first considers the historical context of the relations between Madrid and Rome, their worsening with the war of succession to the Spanish throne and Philip V’s falling out with the Roman Court. After that we look into the role of the new ambassador, a member of the Neapolitan nobility loyal to Philip V and his work to solve the problems he inherited. While his first years were largely spent looking after Alberoni’s assignments, he worked to protect the possession of the embassy building and neighborhood, re-establish the Spanish party, which had practically disappeared, and to redefine diplomatic relations. In conclusion, we touch on his death, funeral and testamentary dispositions.