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Abstract:  IN FAVOR OF A NEO-THOMISTIC MEDICINE: “LA SCIENZA ITALIANA” (1876-1889) In the context of one of the most widely discussed historiographical questions of the XIX century – the emergence of new discourses of natural science and their relation to Catholicism – this articles analyzes the case of the Accademia filosofica-medica di San Tommaso D’Aquino (The Saint Thomas Aquinas Philosophic-Medical Academy), one of the most aggressive institutions of the Neo-Thomistic movement in the XIX century. The content of its official journal, “La scienza italiana”, throughout the thirteen years of its existence, lead to the perception of a deeply anti-modern and reactionary attitude, based on a rigid and dogmatic interpretation of Thomism and Hylomorphism, claimed as the coherent underpinning of the return to the Tomistic theology. Using a wide network of relations, particularly with the Roman institutions of the Catholic Church as well as Catholic universities, notably in France, academics have tried to define and build Catholic science, in its different branches. At the crossroads of the history of medicine and the history of Catholicism, particular attention is herein devoted to questions concerning medicine and therapeutics. Thus, taking into close consideration the results of this tentative, especially those regarding the issue of abortion.