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Abstract: The Italgas-Montemartini complex, situated in the Ostiense quarter of Rome, represents an ongoing environmental contamination risk as a result of past and present industrial activities. The ‘Officina del Gas’, owned by Italgas, has been declared a contaminated site following the detection of dangerous substances in the soil and underlying aquifers related to the depositing of residual material and side products of industrial processes, and to the on-site disposal of industrial waste. The site is currently undergoing decontamination in accordance with the appropriate legal provisions. The area owned by Acea is occupied by the three functioning turbogas diesel-powered installations which constitute the «G. Montemartini» thermoelectric station, «unità con funzione di punta e di riserva», which is considered essential for the safety of the electrical supply network. The plant has been granted the necessary permits regulating the release of dangerous substances into the atmosphere, but its presence in such a densely inhabited area and the project for urban renewal of the same area which is currently underway, place a clear and decisive ultimatum before the public decision-maker.