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Abstract:  PILGRIMAGES AND HOLY YEARS FROM BENEDICT XIV TO PIOUS VI At the dawn of the Holy Year of 1750, Benedict XIV called upon the entire city of Rome to participate in the mission of <<penance and pardon>> which Leonardo da Porto Maurizio was organizing in order to erect the <<holy city>> and provide a model to the hordes of pilgrims attracted by the jubilee. The popular mission – a system of catechesis, liturgy and sacramental practice – was set to become an active instrument of the pastoral and was included in the religious reforms attempted by Pope Lambertini. Even the new religious congregations tried to adapt a form of apostolate, which had already been experimented with success in rural schools, to the distracted city masses. The author analyzes the influence that the Roman missions had on society and on the inadequate Church community, which was in a state of profound crisis, in the context of the religious dynamics of the 18th century, and identifies the protagonists of that period.