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Abstract:  JUBILEES AMIDST PEACE AND WAR (1625-1650) The relation between jubilee and peace belongs to the deepest religious meaning of the holy year. peace in an interior state of reconciliation which may be achieved through an internal pilgrimage, a battle against sin fought with the aid of the sacraments of confession and communion and through penitence and visits to the jubilee churches. But what happened after the schism of the Reformation and the sack of Rome? During the Counter-Reformation holy year, the papacy used the jubilee as the pivot of greater strategy to strengthen the role of Rome as the seat of a supranational power for harmony and peace in Europe. This scheme, evident in the carefully planned jubilee of Pope Clement VIII, clashed with the crude reality of the war which shook Europe during the first half of the 17th century. This study by M.A Visceglia, based on the analysis of treatises and previously unpublished accounts, focuses on the relationship between peace and war in two consecutive jubilees. In 1625, the jubilee coincided with the Valtellina crisis and the legation in France of the cardinal’s nephew Francesco Barberini. The 1650 jubilee followed the Westphalia peace treaty, but also coincided with the continuing French-Spanish conflict which was also fought in nearby Tuscany. A careful reading of these events reveals the greater meaning of an important step in historical evolution. In 1625, notwithstanding the setback of Francesco Barberini’s mission, Rome withstood the diplomatic weight of the universalistic political project. in 1650, instead, notwithstanding the rhetoric of peace, the account of the holy year is far more tormented and marked by the conflict which often acquired markedly political and openly anti-Spanish connotation.