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Abstract: THE HOLY YEAR BETWEEN 1550 AND 1600: DEVOTION, CONTROVERSIES AND POLITICS The Council of Trento brought about a renewed interest in the importance of the jubilee event. Its indication and organization were strictly intertwined with a papal project aimed a recuperating a significant international role and authoritative religious identity for the city of Rome which had lost its luster the sack of 1527. Although the scheme was not outlined yet in the Holy Year 1500, in certainly began to take form during the jubilees of 1575 and 1600 when a far-reaching initiative involved the devotional system, the ecclesiastical hierarchies, the citizens and all the territories of the Papal State. The desire of the Roman Church to become more important and the increasing complexity of the Holy Year is evident in the growing militancy of documents in which the elements of confessional and controversial fighting were interwoven with reflections on the meaning of penitence and pilgrimage. This occurred within a historical framework which revolved around the papacy’s measures and movements. The intent was to portray Rome as a political and religious center, as a place of pardon, the seat of the Roman curia, of the Pontiff’s supreme power.