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Abstract:  THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE REPUBBLICAN RELIGION IN ROME BETWEEN 1798-1799: THE POLITICAL USE OF ANCIENT HISTORY The Roman Republic of 1798-1799 founded the construction of political practices and a patriotic creed upon the myth of its republican ancestors as well as the morals of ancient history, thus commencing the processes of the Eighteenth century that would bring about the making of politics as a sacred institution. This article intends to investigate and shed light upon the complete awareness that Roman republicans shared in relation to both the importance of symbols and language, as well as the fact that they represent not only the <<sign>> but also the instruments of power, that is the forms and the means of modern politics. Within the creation and the development of this new political culture, it is important to note how the images and the very iconography used in the republican patriotic speech expressed an original and autonomous local identity which would be erroneously interpreted if considered as mere reflections or reprises of the French model, given that the former went as far back as the antiquarian and neoclassicist tradition of the Seventeenth century.