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Abstract: BANKS AND BUILDING AT THE TURN OF TWENTIETH CENTURY   The banking sector played a foremost role in the urban transformations undergone by Rome during the 1870s and especially 1880s. As a matter of fact, a great part of the sector’s resources were invested in joint-stock companies and, in particular, construction companies. The aim of this essay is to review the final results of this phase that coincided with the serious economic crisis begun in 1887 and demonstrate why the collapse of many major banking institutions required the intervention of the bank of the Kingdom of Italy which, after having tried to save these institutions various times, was directly involved (at least until the first decade of the twentieth century) in the operations regarding the many properties that had belonged to the wound-up companies.