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Abstract: DEMOGRAPHIC, MEDICAL AND TERRITORIAL ASPECTS OF ROME: 1870-1940 This essay is divided into two parts. The first part examines, through the use of tables and graphs, various aspects of the territorial and demographic evolution of Rome from the unification of Italy up to 1940. The factors taken into consideration include birth rate, death rate, infant death rate, territorial distribution of the population (remember that during this period the toponomastic and administrative sector of Rome underwent continuous alterations), structure of the Roman populations ( sex and age) and the results of immigration into the city. The second part, on the other hand, provides information on the social-sanitary policies that were implemented both by municipal authorities and by the vast network of private Roman welfare sevices. Particular attention is given to three problem areas that were considered of primary importance: infant mortality, malaria and tuberculosis.