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Abstract:  THE BASIS OF POWER: THE STATUTORY LEGISLATION OF THE TOWN HALL OF ROME FROM THE XV CENTURY TO THE RESTORATION The relations between the papacy and the city government, between the central and local power, between the governors and the social classes should not be interpreted as a stand off, but rather as the convergence of concrete interests in the implementation of law and public order. This is especially true with regard to the reciprocal legitimization of the pope’s temporal power and that of the Roman governors. During the XV and XVI centuries, the city’s status were often amended; in particular, the statute approved by Gregory XIII in 1580 remained in effect until 1847. By carefully examining these changes, we can trace the victories and the defeats, the conceding or the intransigence of this class, which had to confront the problem of safeguarding its identity and, even, its survival in the long period spanning from the victory of the papacy to the end of the Church’s temporal power.