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Abstract: This paper aims to present material, symbolic, and organizational similarities and differences between the Carnival celebrations of Testaccio from the 12th to the 16th centuries through a synthetic and overarching analysis of the appropriate sources and studies. A specific connotation of the area in question is accompanied by the highlighting of two problematic and conflicting aspects of the festive tradition: the cultural and political factors implicit in the designation of the competitors chosen to represent each neighbourhood; and the progressive development of the structure and meaning of the games from a local festival to a papal celebration.