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Abstract: The essay analyzes the production of the Roman painter Giovanni Baglione (1566 ca – 1643) at a crucial moment of his stylistic evolution (1598-1606). He progressively dismissed his Late Mannerist style, which had been deeply influenced by Cavalier d’Arpino, to approach a more accentuated Naturalism. This stylistic mutation is inspected not only in relation to the pictorial revolution proposed by Caravaggio around 1600, but in a wider and more complex network of stylistic connections and cultural demand. Some pivotal works of these years were paid special attention and in particular the Christ in meditation on death, whose unknown signature and the date (1606) are hereby disclosed, giving rise to new considerations on the meaning and the hypothetical commission of the canvas.