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Abstract: In the Eighteenth Century the Pia Casa of catechumens and neophytes at Madonna dei Monti opposes the false conversions, makes more severe the admission practices to baptism and gets just an admission applications decrease and a period of deep crisis. Even the papal decision in 1705 to transfer the jurisdiction of criminal and civil causes from the cardinal protector to the vicegerent of Rome lead to drift away Jews and Muslims intentioned to convert to Catholicism. The stories collected in the documents of Pia casa archive highlight some central topics in the history of conversions in Papal Rome: the Catholic pastoral focused on the eternal destiny of unbaptized, the role of catechumens fraternities, the bishops and religious orders actions, the catechumens social rank, the relationships between born and neophyte Christians (oppure Christians and neophytes), the family strategies, marriage and dowries subsidies, family members offerings and forced baptisms. Despite the church authorities efforts, catechumens and neophytes establishment do not manage to break down the phenomenon of apostasy.