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Abstract: As it is well known, the judicatures had been constantly multiplying and overlapping in the city of Rome, between XV and XVIII centuries. They plaid a double role, being instruments for keeping order as well as law. Jews could be subject to anyone of those different Courts and for this reason, having an exhaustive description of the judicial proceedings of the whole population and of one significant portion seems quite a difficult goasl to reach. The first part of the article is focused on the Registers of the Trials and Sentences of the Tribunale criminale del Governatore and the Registers of the Confraternita of San Giovanni decollato, the latter being in charge of taking care of the last moments of people sentenced to death. The research went through the records, starting from the end of XV century to the year 1570, that is about fifteen years after the establishment of the ghetto in Rome As a result, it can be assumed that Jews appear in the records in not so numberous cases, including several financial offences and crimes, fights, injures and few murders.Jews appear in the records both as defendants and victims.Only three of them appear to have been sentenced to death. In the provinces of the Papal States, and expecially in the area of Lazio, the situation of the historical sources seems to be a descouraging one too. In the Southern part of the area, most of the records of the Communal Archivs were lost, in the Northern area the situation is barely better. In Viterbo, among 114 cases only three concern Jews and similar percentages have been found in other cities and villages. Most of them concern financial offences related to the loaning activities. Nonetheless, some of these proceedings seems to be of particular interest, as the trial against the Jewish woman Matrenutia, charged to have blasphemied the name of Christ in April 1428 and the proceedings against Gemma, widow of the moneylender Mosè da Roma, and charged of the murder of her husband at Magliano Sabina, in 1422. Of some interest is also the record of a testimony at Acquapendente, concerning the charge of blasphemia regarding the Holy Scriptures for three Jews.