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Abstract: Law courts and justice in rome in the eighteenth century from the traduzione alla galera lists (1749-1759)   With the edict Avendo Noi, issued on 22 May 1749, Benedict XIV instituted, for the first time in the history of imprisonment in the Pontifical State, the obligation to compile and print a list with all of the names of those sent to the prisons of Civitavecchia or to forced labour in the various state fortresses. These lists, posted in the so called loci soliti in Rome and containing specific infomation (name, surname, origin, crime committed, court where tried, type of sentence imposed), provide the modern scholar with the possibility of monitoring the activity of the various state courts as part of a centralized system managed by the Tribunale del Governatore in collaboration with the Congregazione della Sacra Consulta (as seems evident from the first probes conducted on all the lists between 1749 and 1759). In addition, the lists make it possible to conduct analysis on the typologies of the crimes committed and on the sentences emitted, sentences that could vary from a few years of opus to imprisonment in perpetuum.