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Abstract:   «REBELS, SEDUCERS, CONNIVERS, IMPOSTERS»: THE JESUIT CONSPIRACY AND ITS 17TH CENTURY ORIGIN   The idea of a Jesuit conspiracy aimed at world dominion gainer considerable attention during the 18th century, especially in the years prior to its suppression, that saw the Jansenist party united with those of the Enlightenment against the Society of Jesus. However, anti-Jesuitism had begun considerably earlier, one might even say almost contemporaneously with the Society itself. It fed on the scares capacity of contemporaries to understand a religious level, but also on a social and political one. The conviction that the Jesuits intend to establish a universal monarchy, autonomous from the Papacy, arises within the composit world of anti- Jesuitism. Among the many texts that contribute to the formation of this negative vision, the Monita private Societatis Jesus undoubtedly occupy a prime position. All of those themes that would help to create a disquieting evocation of the Jesuits are present in this brief pamphlet, written by a former Polish Jesuit around 1614. It is a hand-book of secret rules of behavior and suggest the skillful utilization of the role as confessor, spiritual director and teacher for the purpose of winning over the highest number of faithful to the Society’s cause. The intention of this essay is to reconstruct the origin of anti- Jesuitism between the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th centuries and to follow its spread within an environment that was much more heterogeneous than generally assumed.