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Abstract: A NEW GENERATION AGAINST FASCISM As the Fascist regime reached the apex of approval with the Ethiopian exploit, growing doubts and symptoms of rebellion began to spread. These became more apparent beginning in 1938 with the war in Spain, the annexation of Austria into the German Reich and the racial laws. In a context in which the older representatives of antifascism had been reduced to silence, the new generation, lacking historical memory and political reference, sought a reference point in Croce. Disillusioned by the philosopher’s answers, it found a philosophical-political springboard that “weaned” it in Liberal Socialism. However that movement wasn’t alone. There were essentially three spheres in which an increasingly strong opposition grew against Fascism: circles within the regime itself, Catholic Action and the organizations connected to it, student circles. The older antifascism and this new generation were united only after the constitution or reconstitution of actual parties, but in the meantime the new generation had already gone far on its own. The new antifascism sought contact with the working class. Although this wasn’t always easy because of class differences, it spread through the city in areas that the essay has attempted to define properly. This represented not only a moment of preparation for the Roman Resistance to the Nazi occupation, but was important both as a moral awakening and an internal political quest that would contribute to the foundations of the subsequent Republic.