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Abstract:  THE PROFESSION OF THE “THEATER POET”: PIETRO MATASTASIO’S WORK DURING HIS SOJOURN IN ROME This essay resolves around Metastasio’s work in Rome in the period between 1726 and 1730, a decisive moment in his recognition as the foremost theatrical poet in Italy. This was due to his aesthetic and psychological choices, as well as practical decisions relating to his field of work, an in particular the discovery and creation of his own model of musical theater with regard to subject matter, dramatization, language, emotions and structures. The Roman poet was to use all of these characteristics anew at the Viennese court, changing them slightly, though never again abandoning them.