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Abstract:  OBSERVATIONS ON THE LEGAL INSTITUTION OF DECREES IN ROME DURING THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURY This paper centers on the use of the legal institution of decrees in Rome and in the Papal States during the Modern Age and concentrates on their use in order to control criminality, as well as in the administration of the bodies dealing with penal justice. It takes a look at the formalities which regulated their promulgation, posting and the diplomatic characteristics of these measures, paying particular attention to general decrees. The quantitative analysis of decrees issued between the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries indicates the field of action of the various magistratures and the most common crimes. Moreover, it analyzes the clear identification that came about between the public and moral order and which was evident in the decrees on criminality, their dependence on other legal sources and the main causes which contributed to their publication.